15 Must-See Destinations in Mongolia

If you're itching to explore Mongolia but not sure where to start, fear not! Mongolia is brimming with natural wonders waiting to be discovered, from the iconic Sand Dunes of the Gobi to the majestic Altai Mountains and the historic Orkhon Valley, not to mention the serene beauty of Khuvsgul and Taiga lakes. Here's a curated list of 15 must-see destinations in the Land of the Blue Sky, presented in no particular order:

1. Khuvsgul Lake /Khuvsgul Nur/

Nestled amidst the breathtaking landscapes of Mongolia lies the Blue Pearl, Khuvsgul Lake, embraced by verdant forests and towering mountains of the same name. Often compared to its sibling, Russia's Lake Baikal, Khuvsgul holds a staggering 2% of the Earth's freshwater reserves. Stretching 167 kilometers in length and spanning 12 kilometers in width, it claims the title of Mongolia's deepest lake, captivating visitors with its sheer size and beauty. So remarkable is Khuvsgul that some locals affectionately liken it to a sea. A beloved destination cherished by both tourists and locals alike, Khuvsgul Lake beckons with its unparalleled charm and natural splendor.

2. Khongor Sand Dunes /Khongoriin Els/

Contrary to popular belief, the renowned Gobi Desert is not solely comprised of sand; in fact, only around 3% of its vast expanse is sandy terrain. However, all that sand finds its concentration in the Khongor Sand Dunes! Despite not being the largest, these dunes hold the distinction of being the most renowned and frequently visited in Mongolia. Extending across 180 kilometers in length and approximately 10 kilometers in width, they tower impressively to heights of up to 200 meters. Ascending these majestic dunes presents a formidable challenge, but the reward is unparalleled. As you climb higher, the panoramic view unfolds before you, growing increasingly mesmerizing and awe-inspiring with each step. Truly, the Khongor Sand Dunes offer an unforgettable experience that captures the essence of Mongolia's desert landscape.

3. Orkhon Valley /Orkhonii Khondii/

The Orkhon Valley is one of the few sites in Mongolia designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site. This valley showcases the evolution of nomadic pastoral traditions and includes numerous archaeological remains dating back to the 6th century. The natural beauty of the area is highlighted by green plains and hills adorned with basalt lines along both sides of the Orkhon River. It also features deer steles, hirgesuur (tombs with slabs), anthropomorphic and zoomorphic statues, and the ruins of ancient capitals. Definitely come and visit this paradise of yaks!

4. White Stupa /Tsagaan Suvarga/

The largest canyon-like land formation in Mongolia, Tsagaan Suvarga (White Stupa), is located in the Dund-Gobi province. This impressive cliff stands 60 meters high and spans 400 meters wide, shaped by millions of years of natural erosion. The cliff’s layered colors tell a story of different geological eras, making it a fascinating site to explore. Tsagaan Suvarga’s sheer slope faces east and, from a distance, resembles the ruins of an ancient city, which inspired its name. Often referred to as the land of dinosaurs and ancient animals, this legendary formation offers a glimpse into Mongolia’s prehistoric past. It’s a must-see for anyone visiting the region.

5. 8 Lakes /Naiman Nour/

Nestled amidst the volcanic peaks of the Khangai Mountains lies the Eight Lakes, known as Khuisiin Naiman Nuur. Formed by ancient volcanic eruptions, these interconnected freshwater lakes include Shireet, Khaliut, Bugat, Khaya, Khuis, Onon, Doroo, and Bayan-Uul. Accessible through misty passes and dense forests, this natural park offers a magnificent yet challenging journey.

6. Yol Valley /Yoliin Am/

Yoliin Am, known as the Vulture Valley in Mongolian, is a striking gorge nestled within the Gurvan Saikhan Mountain. Concealed within its depths is a hidden glacier riverbed, adding to its mystique. The rugged cliffs lining the gorge have been sculpted over time by the relentless forces of water erosion. In the past, the river within the gorge would remain frozen for much of the year, its ice accumulating to meters in thickness and stretching for kilometers by the end of winter. However, in recent years, the ice tends to melt away by September. Despite this change, the river continues to sustain a diverse array of wildlife, including bighorn sheep, ibex, and the majestic Bearded Vultures, after which the valley is named. Embark on a leisurely stroll through this oasis of coolness amidst the arid landscape and marvel at the towering rocky walls that surround you.

7. Bayanzag "Flaming Cliffs"

Bayanzag, located in the Gobi Desert, stands as one of the most renowned paleontological excavation sites worldwide. In the 1920s, the legendary adventurer Roy Chapman Andrews, often likened to the Indiana Jones of his era, unearthed the famous fossilized dinosaur eggs here. These remarkable discoveries not only confirmed the oviparous nature of all dinosaurs but also left an indelible mark on popular culture, inspiring none other than Steven Spielberg for his iconic film, Jurassic Park. While the visible bones may be scarce at the site today, Bayanzag boasts other remarkable features. Its striking red ochre cliffs, a striking contrast against the vast plateau, are particularly mesmerizing, especially during sunset when they seem to ignite, earning the nickname "Flaming Cliffs." Amidst this captivating landscape, numerous camel-herding families have made their home, with quaint establishments like the peculiar turtle-shaped restaurant and the surrounding saxaul forest adding to the ar

8. Khogno Khan Nature Reserve

The Khogno Khan mountains, revered since the time of the Turks, boast stunning hill formations and sand dunes known as the "Elsen Tasarkhai." This sacred site is rich in historical and religious significance, featuring various attractions that offer a glimpse into Mongolia's past. Among these is the "Erdene Khambiin Khiid" Monastery, which was reconstructed in the 1990s following its destruction during the Soviet purges. Situated higher up on the same site are the ruins of the "Ovgon Khiid" Monastery, also ravaged during the purges. Additionally, the area is known for a significant historical battle between the Khalkha and the Oirad tribe. The Oirad resisted the spread of Buddhism, which conflicted with their traditional warrior customs, leading to clashes that left a lasting mark on the region's history.

9. Terelj National Park

Located near the capital yet offering a distinctly different landscape, Gorkhi-Terelj National Park showcases the authentic beauty of Mongolia: rugged mountains, rolling hills, and unique rock formations. This popular destination attracts both local and international tourists, offering a variety of attractions including the iconic Chinggis Khan Equestrian Statue. As a protected area, Gorkhi-Terelj is not only a scenic wonderland but also serves as a vital habitat for numerous endangered species. From diverse bird species to elusive moose and formidable brown bears, the park teems with wildlife. Notably, the renowned Turtle Rock stands as a natural marvel within the park—a massive rock formation resembling a turtle when viewed from certain angles, adding to the park's allure and mystique.

10. Khorgo National Park

Within the Khorgo-Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur Natural Park lies another fascinating feature born from the tectonic forces of the Khangai mountains. At the heart of the park stands the dormant Khorgo Volcano, a commanding presence surrounded by vast expanses of basalt blocks, remnants of ancient eruptions that ruptured the surrounding steppes. Nestled at the volcano's base lies the Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur, or Terkh White Lake, its tranquil waters reflecting the rugged basalt formations. Local inhabitants have erected structures around the lake as homage to the spirits believed to inhabit the area. Offering ample opportunities for hiking, swimming, and fishing, the national park beckons adventurers seeking to immerse themselves in its natural splendor.

11. Khustai National Park /Khustain Nuruu/

Khustain Nuruu National Park, situated west of Ulaanbaatar, is renowned for its iconic Przewalski's horses, also known as Takhi. These small, "prehistoric" horses have a rich history dating back over 15,000 years, with cave paintings depicting their likeness found in the Lascaux caves of France. Originally extinct in Mongolia by the 1960s, they were successfully reintroduced through collaborative efforts involving zoos from various countries. Since the introduction of twenty wild horses in 1992, the population has thrived, reaching around 350 individuals today. Beyond the Takhi, the park is home to a diverse array of protected wildlife species. From majestic red deer and Siberian roe deer to elusive creatures like wild boars, Mongolian gazelles, gray wolves, Pallas' cats, Eurasian lynx, and many others, Khustain Nuruu serves as a sanctuary for Mongolia's rich biodiversity.

12. Altai Mountains /Altai Tavan Bogd/

Established in 1996 and spanning over 636,200 hectares, Altai Tavan Bogd National Park is a treasure trove of natural wonders. This mountain range, adorned with eternal snow, boasts frozen rivers, sweeping steppe landscapes, and breathtaking scenery, all contributing to its unique ecosystem. The park encompasses four prominent peaks: Altai Tavan Bogd, Tsambagarav, The Tsengel Khairkhan, and Monkh Khairkhan. Among them, Altai Tavan Bogd stands out, with its highest summit, Khuiten Peak, soaring to an impressive altitude of 4,374 meters in the Ulgii province. With its diverse terrain and towering peaks, Altai Tavan Bogd National Park offers a captivating landscape waiting to be explored.

13. Khyargas Lake / Khyargas Noor /

Khyargas Lake holds the distinction of being Mongolia's largest salt lake and serves as a vital maritime habitat for birds. Situated in the Uvs province of Western Mongolia, the lake stretches an impressive 75 kilometers in length and spans 31 kilometers in width, with depths reaching approximately 80 meters. Its abundant water volume contributes to maintaining the humidity balance of the Altai region. Nestled near its picturesque shores lie the Khetsuu Khad canyons, spanning 5-7 kilometers in length and rising up to 20 meters in height, adding to the area's scenic allure. Often likened to a local sea, Khyargas Lake is encompassed within the Khyargas National Park, which also includes the freshwater Airag Lake. These tranquil lakes remain relatively undiscovered by tourists, making them ideal destinations for those seeking peaceful relaxation amidst untouched natural beauty.

14. Chenkher Hot Spring

Nestled within the central volcanic mountains of the Khangai range, amidst lush wooded hills, lies a furnished yurt camp that holds a delightful surprise for visitors. Here, amidst the scenic beauty, lies a complex system of natural hot springs, a testament to the region's volcanic activity. Located at an elevation of 1860 meters above sea level, the Tsenkher Hot Spa offers a soothing retreat with temperatures ranging from 65 to 90 degrees Celsius. Enriched with sulfuric acid and flint, the spring emits a distinct aroma of hydrogen sulfide. Locals have long revered this spring for its therapeutic properties, using it to alleviate a range of ailments including stomach aches, anemia, fatigue, skin conditions, and diabetes.

15. Dark Depression /Dark Depression/

Darkhadiin Khotgor, stretching 100 kilometers in length between the Khoridol Saridag and Ulaantaiga mountains in Northern Mongolia, is a region renowned for its natural splendor. Often referred to as the "land of lakes," it boasts the highest concentration of lakes, rivers, and ponds in a single area. Among them are notable bodies of water like Targan and Kharmai Lakes, as well as the expansive Tsagaan Lake, spanning an impressive 64 square kilometers. Since 1992, the government has designated this land as a national park, recognizing its ecological significance and rich biodiversity. The Darkhad Depression, encompassing up to 70% of the Khuvsgul Great Taiga, is home to iconic species such as reindeer and Mongolia's largest mammal, the moose. Unique to this area is the presence of white moss, a vital food source for reindeer, which thrives exclusively in this environment. Consequently, approximately 60% of the indigenous Tsaatan people, whose traditional livelihood relies solely